Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• , which includes physical adsorption and electrostatic binding (Figure 3) [38]. Physical adsorption consists of either non-covalent weak hydrophobic or electrostatic hydrogen bonding, or attractive van der Waals interaction between antibodies and NPs [39]. Ionic binding, in contrast, involves an

The microstrain-accompanied structural phase transition from h-MoO₃ to α-MoO₃ investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction

• Zeqian Zhang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Minting Luo and
• Zhenfei Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.55

• tunnel ruptures the Mo–O2 bonds, forming individual MoO6 octahedron zigzag chains that share corners to generate octahedron layers. The octahedron layers are bonded by van der Waals interaction, crystalizing into the α-MoO3 structure. Results and Discussion Features of the phase transition from h-MoO3 to

Laser-processed antiadhesive bionic combs for handling nanofibers inspired by nanostructures on the legs of cribellate spiders

• Sebastian Lifka,
• Kristóf Harsányi,
• Erich Baumgartner,
• Lukas Pichler,
• Dariya Baiko,
• Karsten Wasmuth,
• Johannes Heitz,
• Marco Meyer,
• Anna-Christin Joel,
• Jörn Bonse and
• Werner Baumgartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1268–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.105

• because nanofibers strongly adhere to any surface due to van der Waals forces [9]. For a cylindrical fiber with radius R interacting with the plane surface of a semi-infinite body, the energy per unit length due to van der Waals interaction is given as [9]: with the Hamaker constant AH, which is according

• energy, E1 + E2 + E3 → min. In principle, there are three possible states: In state A, it requires more energy to bend the fiber to adapt to the surface than can be gained due to van der Waals interaction. A straight fiber touches only the tips of the surface. In state B, it is energetically favorable to

• deflect the fiber in order to obtain the interaction energy, but not all to the bottom of the sinusoidal surface topography. Thus, a clear total energy minimum exists. Finally, in state C, bending requires less energy than can be gained by the van der Waals interaction. Thus, the fiber adapts completely

Influence of water contamination on the sputtering of silicon with low-energy argon ions investigated by molecular dynamics simulations

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 986–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.86

• °. Comparison between samples after irradiation with an incident beam at 100 eV and 85° for (a) the pristine sample and (b) the contaminated sample, where the silicon atoms are in the compact representation (yellow). The oxygen (red) and hydrogen (white) atoms are represented with their van der Waals

• interaction sphere. Distribution of implanted contaminants, (a) oxygen, (b) hydrogen and (c) argon, with respect to the selected angles. The values above the peaks represent the mean implantation depth. Different colours are used for different angles to increase the readability of the plots. Number of argon

Self-assembly of C₆₀ on a ZnTPP/Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O substrate: observation of a quasi-freestanding C₆₀ monolayer

• Guglielmo Albani,
• Michele Capra,
• Alessandro Lodesani,
• Alberto Calloni,
• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Marco Finazzi,
• Franco Ciccacci,
• Alberto Brambilla,
• Lamberto Duò and
• Andrea Picone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.76

• relevant charge transfer between the overlayer and the substrate occurs. In contrast, a low Ea is characteristic of physisorbed molecules, for which the adsorption is mediated by the weak van der Waals interaction with the substrate. Chemisorption is the typical scenario for molecules stabilized on

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• with the oleic acid and oleylamine ligands present on the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles through van der Waals forces to facilitate the dispersion of nanoparticles in aqueous solution. Further addition of ethylene glycol weakened the van der Waals interaction, causing decomposition of nanoparticle

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• der Waals parameters for all atoms in the system are taken from [32][33][34] and are summarized in Table 2. The parameters of the van der Waals interaction have been verified by simulating the surface diffusion of a single Pt(PF3)4 molecule on top of a fully hydroxylated SiO2 layer. Although the

Criteria ruling particle agglomeration

• Dieter Vollath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1093–1100, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.81

• direction of a minimum of the free enthalpy. In this context, one may observe mechanisms leading to a reduction of the surface energy or controlled by the van der Waals interaction. Additionally, the ensemble may arrange in the direction of a maximum of the entropy. Simulations based on Monte Carlo methods

• of an agglomerated ensemble, that is, an exponential function characterized by two parameters. In this context, it is important to realize that one has to take care of fluctuations of the entropy. Keywords: agglomeration; enthalpy; entropy; simulation; surface energy; van der Waals interaction

• particles is relatively small. One of the possibilities for the exchange of energy between particles could be the van der Waals interaction. However, for particles touching each other, the van der Waals energy is not properly defined [11]. Since the real arrangement of the particles in a cluster is not

Controlling the electronic and physical coupling on dielectric thin films

• Philipp Hurdax,
• Michael Hollerer,
• Larissa Egger,
• Georg Koller,
• Xiaosheng Yang,
• Anja Haags,
• Serguei Soubatch,
• Frank Stefan Tautz,
• Mathias Richter,
• Alexander Gottwald,
• Peter Puschnig,
• Martin Sterrer and
• Michael G. Ramsey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1492–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.132

• charge transfer, as evidenced by the absence of an emission from the LUMO in photoemission tomography [21]. This implies that the van der Waals interaction with the metal is sufficient to planarize the molecule. From the STM images shown here of 6P on the MgO(100)/Ag(100) films it is not possible to

Analysis of catalyst surface wetting: the early stage of epitaxial germanium nanowire growth

• Owen C. Ernst,
• Felix Lange,
• David Uebel,
• Thomas Teubner and
• Torsten Boeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1371–1380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.121

• assumed that free surfaces with given Hamaker constants are brought together. If the surfaces reach a distance corresponding to the diameter of one particle, the nonretarded van der Waals interaction will match the ratio of the surface energy values. More precisely, the spreading factor, Γ, is the limit

Influence of the magnetic nanoparticle coating on the magnetic relaxation time

• Mihaela Osaci and
• Matteo Cacciola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1207–1216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.105

• ., surface-to-surface separation between nanoparticles), and on the surface density of the polymer coating layer. Thus, the model uses the van der Waals interaction force equation, as follows [21]: where ri and rj are spherical particle radii of the i-th and j-th nanoparticles, is the versor of the

Light–matter interactions in two-dimensional layered WSe₂ for gauging evolution of phonon dynamics

• Avra S. Bandyopadhyay,
• Chandan Biswas and
• Anupama B. Kaul

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 782–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.63

• variation with geometrical confinement in some TMDCs has been studied recently [7]. Monolayer (1L) TMDCs consist of a plane of a transition metal, M, sandwiched by chalcogenides, X, on either side to yield the stoichiometry MX2 [8]. The interlayer bonding in most ML TMDCs is through the weak van der Waals

• interaction while the intra-layer bonding is via the strong covalent interaction. This makes them inherently flexible and good candidates for flexible electronics [9], optoelectronics [10], and other related applications [11][12]. Amongst the TMDCs, WSe2 offers unique advantages for device applications, which

The effect of translation on the binding energy for transition-metal porphyrines adsorbed on Ag(111) surface

• Luiza Buimaga-Iarinca and
• Cristian Morari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 706–717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.70

• . These dipolar moments are a consequence of the charge transfer between molecule and surface. The Voronoi population analysis indicates a charge of around −0.2|e| in the adsorbed state over the entire TMPP molecules. In order to estimate the role of van der Waals interaction we remind that for other

• aromatic systems the binding energy obtained without van der Waals corrections, e.g., using only the PBE functional [26]) are a factor of four smaller compared to energies including van der Waals correction [26][72]. By taking into account the van der Waals interaction, the binding energy dramatically

• linkers for porphyrin, such as phenyl or biphenyl groups. These linkers will tend to maximize their van der Waals interaction with the surface, resulting in change of the position of the TM atom relative to the silver atoms. Nevertheless, the use of linkers will not influence significantly the local

In situ characterization of nanoscale contaminations adsorbed in air using atomic force microscopy

• Jesús S. Lacasa,
• Lisa Almonte and
• Jaime Colchero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2925–2935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.271

• contamination; tip cleaning; tip–sample interaction; van der Waals interaction; Introduction Surface science is fundamental to understand many processes in industrial applications, environmental science, biology, medicine and phenomena such as self-assembly [1], friction [2][3] and wetting [4]. In any study

• ) = πε0R/d2. Then, the total frequency-shift induced by the tip–sample interaction is: where the first term containing the Hamaker constant A describes the van der Waals interaction and the second term describes the electrostatic interaction. We note that the chemical composition of the sample will

• electrostatic interaction. For each interaction image three curves are obtained: a (true) van der Waals interaction ΔνvdW(d) curve (Figure 3, middle row), a tip–sample capacitance C″(d) curve (not shown) and a contact potential UCP(d) curve (not shown). As discussed in the Experimental section, by fitting these

Nanostructure-induced performance degradation of WO₃·nH₂O for energy conversion and storage devices

• Zhenyin Hai,
• Mohammad Karbalaei Akbari,
• Zihan Wei,
• Danfeng Cui,
• Chenyang Xue,
• Hongyan Xu,
• Philippe M. Heynderickx,
• Francis Verpoort and
• Serge Zhuiykov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2845–2854, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.265

• layered transition metal oxides. Keywords: 2D layered oxides; interlayer water; van der Waals interaction; WO3·nH2O; Introduction Within the less than 20 years since the successful exfoliation of atomically thin graphene, 2D layered nanomaterials have been contributing greatly to the advances of

Synthesis of hafnium nanoparticles and hafnium nanoparticle films by gas condensation and energetic deposition

• Irini Michelakaki,
• Nikos Boukos,
• Dimitrios A. Dragatogiannis,
• Spyros Stathopoulos,
• Costas A. Charitidis and
• Dimitris Tsoukalas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1868–1880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.179

• van der Waals interaction between NPs and substrate [62].When increasing the substrate voltage, the strengthening is attributed to the high temperatures that arise locally when the NPs impact on the substrate [63]. Due to the high temperatures lead to partial coalescence of the NPs and neck formation

Free-radical gases on two-dimensional transition-metal disulfides (XS₂, X = Mo/W): robust half-metallicity for efficient nitrogen oxide sensors

• Chunmei Zhang,
• Yalong Jiao,
• Fengxian Ma,
• Sri Kasi Matta,
• Steven Bottle and
• Aijun Du

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1641–1646, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.156

• conditions, a vacuum layer with a thickness of more than 20 Å was set to minimize artificial interactions between neighboring layers. A dispersion correction of total energy (DFT-D3 method) [37] is used to incorporate the long-range van der Waals interaction. The structures are fully relaxed until energy and

Predicting the strain-mediated topological phase transition in 3D cubic ThTaN₃

• Chunmei Zhang and
• Aijun Du

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1399–1404, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.132

• ) [1]. The band gap should exhibit substantial differences depending on the relative weights of the Hartree–Fock and traditional LDA or GGA exchange energies in the hybrid functional as well as those of the long range van der Waals interactions. However, we found that the impact of van der Waals

• interaction on the band gap of ThTaN3 is negligible. Figure 1d and Figure 1e present band structures in the presence of the effect of SOC. Clearly, an energy gap of 0.15 eV and 0.49 eV were opened by the SOC for the PBE and the HSE functional methods, respectively. Compared to the HSE result without SOC

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• force in the physical form contribute to their adhesion. In recent reports, the reason for adhesion of gecko setae is due to van der Waals interaction through strong evidence [237] and rejects the capillary adhesion mechanisms. It was predicted that application of contact mechanics may help in smaller

• structures in their feet that are aligned in a series of a small ridges with a projection of 200 nm width in each hair. This increases the total surface area of gecko feet and leads to a van der Waals interaction mediated strong surface adhesion [241]. Similarly, the crystalline composite of CaCO3 crystals

Sensing behavior of flower-shaped MoS₂ nanoflakes: case study with methanol and xylene

• Maryam Barzegar,
• Masoud Berahman and
• Azam Iraji zad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 608–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.57

• electron-donor gas molecules. This increment in the electron carrier concentration can reduce the resistivity of the device. When the gas leaves the chamber, the molecules which transfer the charge from weak van der Waals interaction leave the MoS2 layer and the concentration of the carrier reduces, hence

• differences, we performed a simulation study on the pristine monolayer and similar surface with sulfur vacancy of MoS2 in the presence of xylene and methanol molecules. Xylene shows almost no interaction with pristine MoS2 while a van der Waals interaction happens in the case of sulfur vacancy, which leads to

Preparation and characterization of polycarbonate/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites

• Claudio Larosa,
• Niranjan Patra,
• Marco Salerno,
• Lara Mikac,
• Remo Merijs Meri and
• Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2026–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.203

• solvent helps to overcome the van der Waals interaction in the nanotubes, eventually leading to better dispersion. Figure 3 shows the normalized FTIR absorption spectra of principal absorbance bands of the investigated PC/MWCNT nanocomposite films. FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated to be a useful tool to

Intercalation of Si between MoS₂ layers

• Rik van Bremen,
• Qirong Yao,
• Soumya Banerjee,
• Deniz Cakir,
• Nuri Oncel and
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1952–1960, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.196

• semi-local functionals, such as GGA, fail to describe weakly interacting systems, we also take into account the van der Waals interaction [39][40]. Brillouin-zone integrations for structure relaxations are approximated by using the special k-point sampling of the Monkhorst–Pack scheme with a Γ-centered

Charge transport in organic nanocrystal diodes based on rolled-up robust nanomembrane contacts

• Vineeth Kumar Bandari,
• Lakshmi Varadharajan,
• Longqian Xu,
• Abdur Rehman Jalil,
• Mirunalini Devarajulu,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Feng Zhu and
• Oliver G. Schmidt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1277–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.129

• usually realized by thermal evaporation in vacuum. The molecules have van der Waals interaction with an inert substrate which makes them weakly bonded to the substrate [11]. As a result, by controlling the molecules deposition parameters, such as deposition rate and the substrate temperature, it is

Adsorption characteristics of Er₃N@C₈₀on W(110) and Au(111) studied via scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy

• Sebastian Schimmel,
• Zhixiang Sun,
• Danny Baumann,
• Denis Krylov,
• Nataliya Samoylova,
• Alexey Popov,
• Bernd Büchner and
• Christian Hess

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1127–1134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.114

• unchanged [23] our observation of a modification of the reconstruction implies a molecular substrate interaction stronger than typical van der Waals interaction. A certain degree of hybridization of the molecules and Au(111) surface electronic structure is therefore conjectured. In order to investigate this

• probably accompanied with charge transfer. Therefore the bonding character is conjectured to exceed the strength of van der Waals interaction. Topographic image (U = 2 V; I = 0.5 nA) of Er3N@C80 on W(110). The molecules appear as bright round structures on the straight monoatomic steps of W(110). The

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• tendency to agglomerate due to van der Waals interaction between the graphene layers, which inhibits its application is various fields – this drawback can be eliminated by hybridising graphene with NPs. Graphene is a zero band gap material and the main disadvantage of using graphene alone as a catalyst is